THE EFFECT OF REAGENT AND NON-REAGENT MODIFICATION OF THE DISPERSED MEDIUM AND THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE OF MINERALIZERS ON THE FIRE-FIGHTING SPECIFICATIONS OF AIR-MECHANICAL FOAMS

The article discusses the actual problem of increasing the efficiency of air-mechanical foam in firefighting by modifying the dispersed medium. Methods of reagent (nanochemical) and non-reagent (electrophysical) effects on the surface structure of the air-mechanical foam in order to improve its fire-fighting characteristics are proposed. The effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of nanomineralizers introduced into the composition of the air-mechanical foam, as well as electrophysical treatment of a dispersed medium, is investigated. It has been experimentally confirmed that electrophysical treatment helps to increase the foam multiplicity, while the chemical nature of the mineralizer surface affects its stability. Hydrophilic mineralizers have been found to improve the adsorption of surfactants by reducing the amount of surface tension in water. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the effect of modification of both the dispersed medium and the chemical properties of the surface on the kinetics of freezing of air-mechanical foam and H2O, which especially important for use in the Arctic region. Hydrophilic nanomineralizers have been shown to increase the foam's resistance to low temperatures. Thermal analysis of the inorganic hydrophilic mineralizer marshalite, finely dispersed (SiO2), showed that the presence of endoeffects (400–500 °C and 600–700 °C) promotes the removal of excess heat in the processes of polymorphic transitions of silicon dioxide. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using the proposed modification methods to improve the fire-fighting properties of the air-mechanical foam, especially at low temperatures.