The Histomorphological Examination of Endometrium in Cases of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a frequent gynecological issue and histopathological evaluation of the endometrium is considered the definitive diagnostic method. Endometrial sampling is necessary to determine the underlying cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Aim: This study was conducted to assess the histopathology of the endometrium and to observe the frequency of different endometrial pathology patterns across various age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Material and Methods: The current study was done at Department of Pathology in Chamarajanagar Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka., on cases of abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent endometrial sampling by Dilatation and curettage (D and C), endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy. A statistical analysis between age of presentation and specific endometrial causes was done using χ2 test. Results: We studied 200 cases. The most common pattern observed was normal cycling endometrium (32.5%). The other morphological patterns were endometrial polyp (20%), atrophic phase pattern (19.5%) Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia (18%), disordered proliferative pattern and carcinoma (2.5%), Atypical hyperplasia (1.5%) and chronic endometritis (0.5%). The most common age group presenting with AUB was 36-45 years (47.18%) followed by 46-55years (33.76%). Endometrial causes of AUB and age distribution was statistically significant with P value<0.05. Conclusion: There is an age specific association of endometrial lesions. Atrophy, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma endometrium are predominant in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal age. The study of various endometrial patterns in females with AUB is helpful in achieving accurate diagnosis and guiding appropriate treatment. Keywords: AUB, Hyperplasia, Atypia, Carcinoma