Maternal Obesity and MicroRNAs in Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Developmental Programming

This review explores the relationship between maternal obesity and alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in breast milk, highlighting how these changes may influence the developmental programming of the infant. Evidence suggests that maternal obesity can affect the bioactive composition of breast milk, including miRNA profiles, which are key regulators of metabolic and immune pathways in early life. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-148a and miR-30b, have been identified as modulators of metabolic processes, potentially impacting offspring growth, energy balance, and long-term health outcomes. Additionally, maternal factors such as prepregnancy BMI and dietary patterns play a crucial role in shaping milk composition. Understanding these complex interactions is essential for informing nutritional strategies aimed at supporting optimal infant development and preventing chronic diseases later in life.