Ribosomal Protein bL27 Protects Translating Ribosomes from tmRNA-SmpB

Bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 is universally conserved and its amino terminus is adjacent to the peptidyl transfer center, yet its role in translation remains unclear. Combining genetics, biochemistry and molecular dynamics, we show that bL27 has an unexpected role in preventing <i>trans</i>-translation, the bacterial ribosome rescue mechanism, from interfering with protein synthesis. Deletion of the bL27 gene causes a 10,000-fold decrease in viability and this defect is partially rescued by deletion of the gene encoding tmRNA, a critical molecule for <i>trans</i>-translation. Molecular dynamics simulations also indicate that bL27 can slow the movement of tmRNA on the ribosome. These data link <i>trans</i>-translation and bL27, and support a model in which the amino terminus of bL27 acts as a gatekeeper to prevent tmRNA from sterically interfering with tRNA on the ribosome.