Cross−national comparison of major depressive disorder burden in China, India, and the United States of America: an age−period−cohort analysis of GBD 2021

The escalating burden of MDD, particularly in the United States of America, highlights the urgent need for tailored interventions that address the specific demographic and sociocultural factors influencing mental health in each country. In China and India, the growing absolute number of MDD cases calls for strengthened mental health services, especially for older adults and women, while in the United States of America, tackling rising prevalence among younger populations and addressing underlying socioeconomic inequalities will be crucial. Implementing comprehensive mental health strategies, including improved access to care and targeted preventive interventions, are essential to alleviate the future impact of MDD in these countries.