Establishing a conceptual framework for Construction Quality 4.0 (CONQ4.0)

Purpose The construction industry continues to face persistent quality challenges despite advancements in quality management (QM) and the integration of modern-day technologies. This study aims to explore the concept of Quality 4.0 in the construction sector and proposes a conceptual framework that considers the industry's unique characteristics. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a literature review of Quality 4.0, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and QM in construction. A targeted review of existing frameworks with a focus on their technology, processes and people leads to the development of a conceptual framework for Construction Quality 4.0 (CONQ4.0). Findings The study finds that while I4.0 technologies have been increasingly applied to QM as well as the increasing popularity of Quality 4.0, a comprehensive framework for Quality 4.0 in construction is lacking. The proposed CONQ4.0 framework builds on the established QM practices (i.e quality control, quality assurance and total quality management) and integrates three key dimensions: technology, process and people. It is also supported by critical enablers such as data management, lean principles and capability development. Practical implications The framework provides a foundation for construction firms to enhance QM through digitalisation, process optimisation and workforce capability development. It also highlights the importance of subcontractors' engagement and stakeholder alignment to ensure consistent quality practices across projects. Originality/value By contextualising Quality 4.0 within construction, this study offers a structured framework that balances technological innovation with human and process-centric considerations. The findings provide valuable insights for construction professionals and researchers aiming to enhance quality performance in the I4.0 era.