Multiloop and multiaxis atomtronic Sagnac interferometry

We report the experimental realization of a large-area and multiaxis atomtronic interferometer in an optical waveguide for rotation sensing. A large enclosed area is achieved through multiloop operation in a guided-atom interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensates. We demonstrate a three-loop interferometer with a total interrogation time of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:mrow> <a:mo>∼</a:mo> <a:mn>0.4</a:mn> <a:mspace width="0.28em"/> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">s</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> and an enclosed area of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <d:mrow> <d:mn>8.7</d:mn> <d:mspace width="0.16em"/> <d:msup> <d:mrow> <d:mi>mm</d:mi> </d:mrow> <d:mn>2</d:mn> </d:msup> </d:mrow> </d:math> —the largest reported in a fully guided or one-dimensional setup. High-contrast interference fringes are observed for up to five Sagnac orbits in a smaller loop-area configuration. Our approach enables interleaved rotation measurements about multiple arbitrary axes within the same experimental setup. We present results for area-enclosing interferometers in both horizontal and vertical planes, demonstrating that the interferometer contrast remains comparable across orthogonal orientations of the enclosed area vectors.