Genetic polymorphisms of glucose-regulated protein 78 in acute invasive fungal sinusitis patients with analysis of disease trends

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) patients with analysis of risk factors and disease outcomes. Methods In this study, 20 controls and 20 patients were enrolled. Venous blood was taken from the patient and control groups. Extraction of the genetic material followed by genotyping of GRP78 rs 391957 and GRP78 rs 430397 polymorphisms was performed using restricted fragmentation length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping assays. The different polymorphisms of GRP78 rs 391957 (CC, CT, TT) and GRP78 rs 430397 (GG, GA, AA) alleles were obtained and compared between patients and control and compared within patients’ group to the disease risk factor, morbidity, and mortality. Results The expression of genotype alleles GRP78 GA rs430397 and GRP 78 TT rs391957 was higher in AIFS patients than in the control group. There was a significant increase in genotype GA rs430397 in hyperglycemic patients and increase in genotype GG rs430397 in neutropenic patients. There was a statistically significant increase in GA genotype rs430397 in advanced stages of disease and also increase in the same genotypes in patients that underwent open debridement or died from the disease. Conclusion The alteration of expression of GRP78 rs 430397 genes may be related to the development of AIFS. Furthermore, genotype GA rs430397 GRP78 is related to hyperglycemia, orbital, cranial involvement, the need for open surgical debridement, and mortality from acute invasive fungal sinusitis.