Interpersonal skills training for the emergency department – exploring a mentalizing approach

Patients with significant relational difficulties may present to the Emergency Department (ED) in crisis. If negative attitudes and responses arise from ED staff, this adversely impacts patients’ outcomes. There is currently no established approach to training ED staff in interpersonal skills. Mentalizing Skills (MZ Skills) is a short training course in interpersonal skills that has shown promise within mental health settings, but has not yet been explored in the ED. We therefore conducted an evaluation of MZ Skills within an ED to explore if this approach may be useful and acceptable. Outcomes were assessed using established self-report outcome scales. A hundred and seven (107) clinicians were trained in MZ Skills. From pre- to post- training, staff knowledge about mentalizing theory and practice improved (n=97; effect size 1.07); attitudes improved to a smaller degree. We suggest, pending further evaluation, that MZ skills could offer an acceptable approach for training ED staff in interpersonal dynamics.

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Publication Details

Journal
Emergency Care Journal
Published
2026-01-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2026.14344
Primary Topic
Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Interpersonal skills training for the emergency department – exploring a mentalizing approach

Adam Polnay, Benjamin L. Clarke, C MacLean, Edward James et al.
Emergency Care Journal
Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
article

Interpersonal skills training for the emergency department – exploring a mentalizing approach

Adam Polnay, Benjamin L. Clarke, C MacLean, Edward James, Bernadette Gallagher, Damien Hicks, Emma-Beth Wilson, Jon Patrick, Kate Pestell
article en

Abstract

Patients with significant relational difficulties may present to the Emergency Department (ED) in crisis. If negative attitudes and responses arise from ED staff, this adversely impacts patients’ outcomes. There is currently no established approach to training ED staff in interpersonal skills. Mentalizing Skills (MZ Skills) is a short training course in interpersonal skills that has shown promise within mental health settings, but has not yet been explored in the ED. We therefore conducted an evaluation of MZ Skills within an ED to explore if this approach may be useful and acceptable. Outcomes were assessed using established self-report outcome scales. A hundred and seven (107) clinicians were trained in MZ Skills. From pre- to post- training, staff knowledge about mentalizing theory and practice improved (n=97; effect size 1.07); attitudes improved to a smaller degree. We suggest, pending further evaluation, that MZ skills could offer an acceptable approach for training ED staff in interpersonal dynamics.

Emergency Care Journal
NHS Lothian (GB), NHS Education for Scotland (GB), Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (GB), State Hospital (GB), University of Edinburgh (GB)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 85%
Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
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Interpersonal skills training for the emergency department – exploring a mentalizing approach — Adam Polnay, Benjamin L. Clarke, et al. · Emergency Care Journal (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS