Studies of beauty hadron and nonprompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml

In high-energy proton-proton ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>p</a:mi> <a:mi>p</a:mi> </a:math> ) collisions at the LHC, nonprompt charm hadrons, originating from beauty hadron decays, provide a valuable probe for beauty quark dynamics, particularly at low transverse momentum where direct beauty measurements are challenging. We employ a multiphase transport (AMPT) model of string melting version coupled with 8 initial conditions to study the beauty hadron and nonprompt charm hadron productions in <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mi>p</c:mi> </c:math> collisions at <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:msqrt> <e:mi>s</e:mi> </e:msqrt> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>13</e:mn> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>TeV</e:mi> </e:math> . In this work, the beauty quark mass during the generation stage has been increased to reproduce the measured <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mi>b</g:mi> <g:mover accent="true"> <g:mi>b</g:mi> <g:mo stretchy="false">¯</g:mo> </g:mover> </g:math> cross section, and a beauty flavor-specific coalescence parameter <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mrow> <k:msubsup> <k:mrow> <k:mi>r</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mi>B</k:mi> <k:mi>M</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mi>b</k:mi> </k:mrow> </k:msubsup> </k:mrow> </k:math> is introduced to match LHCb measurements of beauty baryon-to-meson ratios. With these refinements, the AMPT model achieves a reasonable agreement with experimental data on beauty hadron yields and nonprompt charm hadron production from ALICE and LHCb. We present the transverse momentum and multiplicity dependence of nonprompt-to-prompt charm hadron ratios, providing new insights into the interplay between beauty quark production and the hadronization process. We emphasize that the multiplicity dependence of the nonprompt to prompt charm hadron productions can be useful to constrain the flavor dependences of the coalescence dynamics. This work establishes a unified framework for future studies of heavy quark transport and collective flow behavior in small collision systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-01-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/p7tm-q7pl
Primary Topic
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Studies of beauty hadron and nonprompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml

Anonymous, Liang Zheng, Xiaoming Zhang
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
article

Studies of beauty hadron and nonprompt charm hadron production in pp collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml

Anonymous, Liang Zheng, Xiaoming Zhang
article en

Abstract

In high-energy proton-proton ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>p</a:mi> <a:mi>p</a:mi> </a:math> ) collisions at the LHC, nonprompt charm hadrons, originating from beauty hadron decays, provide a valuable probe for beauty quark dynamics, particularly at low transverse momentum where direct beauty measurements are challenging. We employ a multiphase transport (AMPT) model of string melting version coupled with 8 initial conditions to study the beauty hadron and nonprompt charm hadron productions in <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mi>p</c:mi> </c:math> collisions at <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:msqrt> <e:mi>s</e:mi> </e:msqrt> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>13</e:mn> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mi>TeV</e:mi> </e:math> . In this work, the beauty quark mass during the generation stage has been increased to reproduce the measured <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mi>b</g:mi> <g:mover accent="true"> <g:mi>b</g:mi> <g:mo stretchy="false">¯</g:mo> </g:mover> </g:math> cross section, and a beauty flavor-specific coalescence parameter <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mrow> <k:msubsup> <k:mrow> <k:mi>r</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mi>B</k:mi> <k:mi>M</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mi>b</k:mi> </k:mrow> </k:msubsup> </k:mrow> </k:math> is introduced to match LHCb measurements of beauty baryon-to-meson ratios. With these refinements, the AMPT model achieves a reasonable agreement with experimental data on beauty hadron yields and nonprompt charm hadron production from ALICE and LHCb. We present the transverse momentum and multiplicity dependence of nonprompt-to-prompt charm hadron ratios, providing new insights into the interplay between beauty quark production and the hadronization process. We emphasize that the multiplicity dependence of the nonprompt to prompt charm hadron productions can be useful to constrain the flavor dependences of the coalescence dynamics. This work establishes a unified framework for future studies of heavy quark transport and collective flow behavior in small collision systems.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 113(3)
Fudan University (CN), China University of Geosciences (CN), Central China Normal University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 79%
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
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