The Relevance of Hypnotizability to Spaceflights: The Space It Up Project

This scoping review examines the role of hypnotizability in human adaptation to life in space and successful reconditioning upon return to Earth. Hypnotizability displays a few physiological correlates that can be used to counteract microgravity-induced alterations in sensorimotor functions, interoception, immunity, and the experience of pain. The most important of these is the efficacy of mental imagery, which is better in individuals with high hypnotizability but can also be improved by mental training in individuals with low/medium hypnotizability. Mental imagery can compensate for reduced sensory information and improve impaired motor control in microgravity. Moreover, high hypnotizables' ability to respond to suggestions can be used to reduce increased sympathetic activity and pain, which has beneficial immunological and psychological effects. The reported findings highlight the relevance of hypnotic assessment to the development of personalized training to counteract psychophysiological changes occurring in astronauts during and after spaceflights.