Temporal signals in dairy cattle slurry and fertilized field soil resistomes and bacterial communities

We show that MAGs represent a powerful tool for examining the transfer of slurry-borne microorganisms, as they can be more characteristic of these environments than typical sentinel organisms which are easily cultivated. Our findings indicate that while the soil bacterial community shows considerable resilience to slurry-borne bacteria and ARGs, this may be diminished by temporal factors that remain largely unexplored and poorly understood. This is important because resilience inferred from short-term observations may not fully capture delayed or transient responses, potentially leading to underestimation of the persistence of slurry-borne bacteria and ARGs.