Infectious Causes of Abortions and Stillbirths in Horse Breeding

Horse breeding is a fundamental component of economic and social development in many countries. Maintaining high fertility rates and ensuring the birth of healthy foals is crucial for the sustainability of the equine industry. However, both infectious and non-infectious factors contribute significantly to reproductive losses, including miscarriages, stillbirths, and postpartum fetal deaths. Infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites play a significant role, while non-infectious causes include stress, transportation, hormonal imbalances, and uterine torsion. Early and accurate diagnosis of these factors is critical for effective treatment and prevention. In this context, the implementation of comprehensive preventive strategies, such as routine vaccination (e.g., against equine herpesvirus), isolation of pregnant mares, regular veterinary checkups, ongoing monitoring, and appropriate nutritional management, is crucial. This review aims to inform breeders and veterinarians about the underlying causes of miscarriage, infertility, and foal deaths in horses and to emphasize the importance of preventive medicine in reducing these risks.