Long-term biochemical stability of fresh-frozen plasma from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) stored at −20°C: Implications for emergency transfusion protocols for elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease

This study provides the first evidence that elephant FFP stored at -20°C retains acceptable biochemical stability for up to 12 months. Although factor VIII activity decreases over time, fibrinogen remains stable, and immunoproteins increase, supporting the clinical utility of stored plasma in EEHV-HD emergencies. These findings provide foundational guidance for establishing elephant plasma banking protocols, improving readiness for rapid intervention, and advancing One Health-aligned conservation strategies for endangered megafauna.