Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions

Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magnetoimpedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magnetoimpedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence- and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2026-01-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2526097123
Primary Topic
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions

Anran Zhang, Dingyi Yang, Y. Wang, Wei Luo et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
article

Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions

Anran Zhang, Dingyi Yang, Y. Wang, Wei Luo, Meixiang Wang, Gongkai Yuan, Yihan Liu, Zifeng Li, Ziheng Guo, Chi Ding, Qizhang Jiao, Michael D. Dickey, Siyuan Liu, Yizhang Wu, Sicheng Xing
article en

Abstract

Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magnetoimpedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magnetoimpedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence- and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.

Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesVol. 123(4)
North Carolina State University (US), Johns Hopkins University (US), Xidian University (CN), Applied Physical Sciences (United States) (US), The University of Tokyo (JP), Nanjing University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 83%
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
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