Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions
Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magnetoimpedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magnetoimpedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence- and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.
Authors
- Anran Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8442-2695)
- Dingyi Yang
- Y. Wang
- Wei Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-2821)
- Meixiang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-2288)
- Gongkai Yuan
- Yihan Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6721-0204)
- Zifeng Li
- Ziheng Guo
- Chi Ding
- Qizhang Jiao
- Michael D. Dickey
- Siyuan Liu
- Yizhang Wu
- Sicheng Xing
Institutions
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Xidian University (CN)
- Applied Physical Sciences (United States) (US)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Nanjing University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2026-01-20
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2526097123
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00