ENVIRONMENTAL SPREAD OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES AND WATER CONTAMINATION

Water contamination by heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to rapid industrialization and inadequate waste management practices. This study examines the extent of heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments, with particular emphasis on hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb), which pose significant risks to both ecosystems and human health. Using visualization-based analysis, the results reveal elevated concentrations of these toxic metals, primarily originating from industrial effluents, corroded distribution pipelines, and surface runoff from contaminated soils. The findings indicate that industrial discharges are the dominant source of Cr(VI) contamination, while lead pollution is strongly associated with aging infrastructure and anthropogenic land-use activities. The persistence and mobility of these metals in water bodies highlight their potential for bioaccumulation and long-term ecological damage. This study underscores the urgent need for improved industrial wastewater treatment, infrastructure rehabilitation, and stricter environmental regulations to mitigate heavy metal contamination and protect water quality.