Research on the evolution path of the MaaS tourism logistics service supply chain given the influence of cooperative network attributes

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) revolutionizes urban mobility by integrating diverse transportation modes into a unified platform, boosting user convenience, optimizing resource use, and reducing environmental impact. This has attracted numerous participants eager to tap into its potential. However, existing research has largely neglected the impact of cooperation network attributes on the benefit distribution mechanism and their pivotal role in the evolution of MaaS tourism logistics service supply chains. To bridge this gap, our study constructed a game-theoretic model involving MaaS service integration platforms, scenic areas, and tourism service integrators. We analyzed the interest games under two dominant structures—scenic area-led and MaaS platform-led—and dissected the benefit distribution outcomes based on three cooperation network types. Our research reveals three key insights. First, cooperative alliances outperform independent decision-making in profit optimization and supply chain resilience. Second, vertical suppression-dependent structures tend to spark conflicts, while horizontal balance-mutual assistance structures enable partial resource sharing, and strategic cooperation alliances maximize synergy for enhanced efficiency. Third, fostering close-knit cooperation networks and multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential for the development of MaaS tourism logistics service supply chains.