Effect of Combined Vermicomposting and EM Solution on Sewage Sludge Nutrient Profile: A Temporal Study

The principal objective of this study is to investigate the synergistic influence of vermicomposting and the application of Effective Microorganism (EM) solution on the nutrient transformation dynamics within sewage sludge. Sewage sludge, being rich in organic matter yet often unstable in terms of nutrient availability, requires effective stabilization strategies to enhance its suitability as a soil amendment. In this context, the research primarily emphasizes the stabilization and mineralization of key macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), over a controlled composting period of 90 days. By integrating vermicomposting, which harnesses the activity of earthworms to accelerate organic matter degradation, with EM solution, which introduces beneficial microbial consortia to stimulate biochemical processes. Further, the study aims to optimize the substrate ratio, quantify the enzymatic activities related to microbial pathways, and model the kinetic behavior of nutrient mineralization using dynamic equations, which will improve the understanding of temporal nutrient stabilization mechanisms.