Adoption of regenerative architecture in wellness facilities in Abuja, Nigeria: multiple-case observational evidence

Introduction This study investigates the adoption levels of regenerative architecture principles in selected wellness facilities in Abuja, Nigeria, to identify opportunities for promoting regenerative architecture. This study addressed two key objectives: to analyse the physical architectural features of these selected facilities, and to identify the regenerative architecture principles adopted in these facilities. Methods A structured multiple-case observation guide/checklist was employed to systematically examine key regenerative design features across three wellness facilities in Abuja. Seven regenerative architecture principles—Place, Water, Energy, Health & Happiness, Materials, Equity, and Costs—were utilised to develop a structured checklist. Each indicator received a score between 0 and 3, with a maximum score of 84 per facility. Results The findings reveal varying degrees of adoption across various facilities. Nisa Wellness Retreat achieved the highest implementation score (70/84), Evenana Wellness Centre demonstrated moderate adoption (49/84), while JVEE Wellness and Spa exhibited the lowest adoption (40/84). Across all three facilities, water management systems were the weakest domain, whereas Place, Materials and Equity revealed a relatively consistent adoption. Discussion The study identifies significant areas for improvement for built environment professionals seeking to enhance the adoption of regenerative design in wellness facilities within the Nigerian context. In addition to establishing a scientific baseline for the adoption of regenerative architecture in Abuja’s wellness industry, the study provides designers, operators, and policymakers with a replicable framework for assessment.