Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of death worldwide. There are approximately 366 million people with diabetes globally, and by 2030, it is projected that this number will reach 520 million, or 6.3% of the world's population, affected by diabetes. Dyslipidemia and diabetes are the main contributors to cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by disturbances in all lipid fractions (increased triglycerides, increased LDL-cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol levels). Purpose of the study: This study aimed to assess hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective cohort ("cross-sectional"). Results: A total of 200 participants were included: 100 patients with diabetes mellitus (60 with type 1 and 40 with type 2), and 100 healthy individuals serving as controls. Among the diabetes patients (100), 45 (45%) were female, with a mean age of 58.00 ± 14.00 years, while 55 (55%) were male, with a mean age of 59.60 ± 12.00 years. The control group comprised 100 voluntary blood donors, 45 (45%) women and 55 (55%) men, with a mean age of 58.40 ± 13.60 years. The results are shown in the following tables (numbers 3-6). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are the principal risk factors and are independent of the development of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Treating primary or secondary dyslipidemia early is crucial and can significantly help prevent early atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies on the treatment of dyslipidemia have shown a strong positive effect of statins (40 mg dose), which appear to help prevent cardiovascular disease.