Association between iron deficiency anemia and the risk of new-onset tuberculosis infection: a matched cohort analysis

IDA demonstrated a significant association with increased tuberculosis risk in this multinational cohort, particularly during early follow-up and for extrapulmonary manifestations. These findings suggest that IDA may represent an underrecognized modifiable risk factor for tuberculosis. Future research is warranted to validate these findings, with particular attention to the potential modifying effect of iron supplementation on tuberculosis risk.