Factors influencing delayed lactogenesis II among advanced-age women following cesarean section: a retrospective analysis and predictive model development

This study established a reliable and clinically interpretable model for predicting delayed lactogenesis II among advanced-age women undergoing cesarean section. The model showed high accuracy and good internal validity, highlighting the relevance of maternal characteristics and early postpartum behaviors to lactation outcomes. The proposed nomogram may serve as a practical tool for early risk identification and targeted breastfeeding support in clinical settings.