Exploring Magnesium Membranes as a Promising Alternative in Guided Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Alveolar ridge atrophy is an unavoidable consequence of tooth extraction, often resulting in Bone defects complicating ideal implant placement are a significant concern. Guided Bone Regeneration is a widely adopted technique that utilizes barrier membranes to enhance bone regeneration by preventing soft tissue invasion and promoting bone growth. Traditional resorbable membranes, while eliminating the need for secondary surgeries, often lack sufficient structural rigidity; in contrast, non-resorbable membranes provide stability but require re-entry procedures. Recently, a resorbable magnesium alloy membrane (NovaMag®) has been introduced, offering both structural support and complete resorption. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, animal, and clinical research. Findings indicate that magnesium membranes display favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and controlled degradation, along with promising clinical outcomes in alveolar ridge preservation, guided bone regeneration, and mandibular reconstruction. Several surface treatments (e.g., MAO, HA, HF) have been investigated to optimize performance and degradation rates. Conclusions: Magnesium membranes are a promising alternative to collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR), offering superior mechanical strength and reducing the risk of tearing—an issue commonly observed with collagen membranes, biocompatibility, and full resorbability.