Development and validation of a workplace isolation and loneliness state scale: a tool for the prevention of isolation and loneliness in the workplace

Introduction Workplace loneliness is a growing concern, yet few studies have comprehensively measured it using appropriate scales. Methods This study developed a scale to assess feelings, states of isolation and loneliness in the workplace. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with Japanese company employees (Study 1: N = 648; Study 2 Wave1: N = 2,980; Wave 2: N = 2,101). Statistical analyses, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were conducted. Results The analyses revealed a four-factor structure of workplace loneliness: “sense of loneliness in the workplace,” “sense of usefulness in the workplace,” “emotional connections in the workplace,” and “sense of assistance in the workplace.” These factors demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Notably, the factor “sense of usefulness in the workplace” emerged as distinct from conventional scales, highlighting its relevance to workplace isolation and loneliness state assessment. Discussion The newly developed scale offers a comprehensive framework for assessing workplace isolation and loneliness state, encompassing both conventional aspects and novel dimensions such as the sense of usefulness in the workplace. This scale holds promise for advancing research and practice in addressing isolation and loneliness among employees, ultimately contributing to their psychological wellbeing and mitigating workplace stress. Future studies should examine its practical applications and explore its utility in diverse cultural contexts.