Determination of Toxoplasma gondii in Beef, Chicken Meat and Offal Sold in Kayseri, Türkiye

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed protozoan capable of infecting humans as well as numerous warm-blooded hosts, such as poultry, and livestock. One of the primary ways it is transmitted to humans is through the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked meat containing the parasite's tissue cysts. This study investigated the existence of T. gondii DNA in retail beef, chicken meat and offal sold in Kayseri, Türkiye. A total of 100 samples were collected from local butchers and delicatessens, comprising 25 samples each of chicken meat, chicken liver, cubed beef and beef liver. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples and analyzed using TaqMan-based real-time PCR targeting the B1 gene, which is a highly conserved and sensitive marker for T. gondii. All samples tested negative, with no DNA amplification observed within the assay’s threshold (Ct ≤ 35). These results indicate a low level of, or absence of, T. gondii contamination in the meat products tested in this region during the sampling period. However, when interpreting the results, factors such as limited sample size, seasonal variation, regional animal husbandry practices, and low parasitic load must be considered. Additionally, the heterogeneous distribution of tissue cysts and the possible degradation of parasitic DNA may influence detection. Given the public health significance of toxoplasmosis, further studies involving larger sample sizes, diverse geographical locations and complementary diagnostic techniques are recommended. Continuous surveillance, the implementation of good agricultural and hygienic practices, and raising public awareness of proper meat handling, preparation, freezing and cooking are crucial to minimising the risk of T. gondii transmission through foodborne pathways.