Endoscopic surgical treatment of thyroid cancer: clinical application and future prospects

Endoscopic thyroid cancer surgery, as a typical representative of minimally invasive surgical techniques, has made remarkable progress in surgical approaches, functional protection, complication control, and indication expansion in recent years. This article reviews the technical evolution, clinical efficacy, and future development direction of endoscopic thyroid cancer surgery, with a focus on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, optimizing surgical indications, and improving strategies for complication management, with the aim to provide a reference basis for clinical practice.