Evaluation of banana cellulose filler impacts on bioplastic films formulated from potato peel starch

The global proliferation of non-biodegradable plastic waste has necessitated the exploration of sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics. This study explores the development and characterization of biodegradable bioplastic films derived from potato peel starch (PPS), reinforced with banana pseudo-stem cellulose fiber (BPCF), both of which are underutilized agricultural wastes. Bioplastic films were produced by blending PPS with varying BPCF concentrations (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % dry weight basis) and evaluated for their physicochemical, mechanical, and biodegradability properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) confirmed the presence of key functional groups and crystallinity respectively by indicating the successful interaction and structural integrity of the starch- cellulose matrix. The film with 15 % BPCF exhibited optimal performance, showing enhanced tensile strength (10.52 MPa), reduced moisture content (16.64 %), lower water solubility (26.22 %), and moderate acid-base resistance. Although its biodegradability (25.48 % in 15 days) was lower compared to the control (42.38 %), this reduction was attributed to increased crystallinity due to cellulose incorporation. The novelty of this work lies in the combined utilization of potato peel starch and banana pseudo-stem-derived cellulose, and in the comprehensive evaluation of chemical resistance. An area largely overlooked in previous studies. These results support the development of cost-effective, environmentally friendly bioplastics for sustainable packaging applications.