Decarbonizing Yarn Production: ISO 14064-Aligned Carbon and Energy Footprint Assessment for a Sustainability-Oriented Supply Chain at Ulusoy Textile

As global climate commitments intensify, the textile industry faces growing pressure to quantify and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study presents a carbon footprint assessment of yarn manufacturing at Ulusoy Textile, following ISO 14064 and an extended five-scope approach: Scope 1 – direct emissions, Scope 2 – indirect emissions from purchased energy, Scope 3 – indirect emissions from transportation, Scope 4 – emissions from products used by the organization, and Scope 5 – emissions and removals from product use. Using 2023 data on raw material procurement, energy consumption, logistics, and facility activities, total emissions were 30,146.80 tCO2e, equivalent to 40.19 tCO2e per employee and 0.003 tCO2e per ton of yarn. Energy use and raw material sourcing were the main contributors, while efficiency measures and renewable energy reduced emissions, and product use provided balancing effects. Uncertainty was assessed via Monte Carlo simulations, and materiality analysis identified key parameters for inventory robustness and verification. These findings establish a verification-ready baseline for Ulusoy Textile’s decarbonization strategy and propose a scalable ISO 14064-aligned framework for yarn producers seeking EU Green Deal and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism compliance, supporting innovations in circularity, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways.