Prevalence and modifiable risk factors for pediatric flatfoot among schoolchildren in Kunming and Kandahar: a cross-sectional study

Pediatric flatfoot remains a widespread condition among school-aged children in both urban and resource-limited settings. Its strong and consistent links with modifiable factors such as body mass index, physical activity, footwear, and foot pain highlight the need for early school-based screening and prevention programs that encourage active lifestyles, healthy body weight, and the use of proper footwear. These results offer valuable cross-cultural insights to support pediatric foot health and guide future preventive initiatives.