Motor imagery combined with brain-computer interface for stroke patients: a meta-analysis

The efficacy of MI-BCI is contingent upon its therapeutic context. When used as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation, MI-BCI can significantly improve both upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. However, current evidence does not support its superiority over motor imagery alone when applied as a standalone therapy. An intervention duration of ≥4 weeks is recommended to achieve significant functional gains.