Biofuel Pellet Production and Characterization from Rice Production Waste

Biofuel pellet materials are a key renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Evaluating biomass quality is essential for both operational efficiency and environmental impact. This study aimed to produce and characterize biofuel pellets made from rice husks and straw. The pellets were analyzed using ASTM methods and compared against the ISO 17225-6 standard. The results indicated a low moisture content (2.53 ± 0.04 %) and a relatively high ash content (11.96 ± 0.05%). Thermally, the net calorific value was 3,951 ± 7.21 Cal/g. In terms of elemental composition, nitrogen (0.29 ± 0.02%), sulfur (0.15 ± 0.02%), and chlorine (0.34 ± 0.04%) contents were in line with the ISO 17225-6 standard. Additionally, the pellets made from both biomass met durability, length, and diameter specifications. The results indicate that mixing these rice-based biomass improves pellet quality and combustion performance. Lastly, this research supports SDG 7 (ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all), SDG 12.2 (promoting the sustainable management and efficient utilization of natural resources), and SDG 12.5 (minimizing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse).