Synchrotron Radiation–Excited X-Ray Fluorescence (SR-XRF) Imaging for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Specimens

This study supports previous evidence of the involvement of Cu in HCC development, suggesting its potential as a clinical biomarker for diagnosis and disease progression. Additionally, the results demonstrate that SR-XRF has potential for clinical application due to its ability to map trace metal distribution at high resolution. These findings suggest, rather than demonstrate, the association among Cu accumulation, tumor differentiation, and MRI signal characteristics.