Public–Private Partnerships in Urban Regeneration: Comparative Insights and Lessons from Brazil, Italy, and the UK

Urban regeneration practices have gained prominence in urban planning in different contexts. Among the different areas subject to urban regeneration, waterfronts stand out as privileged areas of the city and are, therefore, very attractive for new uses. Public–Private Partnership (PPP) agreements are often used to implement these projects. However, PPP agreements in regeneration projects are complex and, in many cases, produce controversial results, either in relation to the partnership itself or to the project resulting from that partnership. In this sense, it is important to provide recommendations for the development of these processes and the resulting projects. Based on this, the present study conducts a comparative analysis between the Brazilian, Italian, and UK contexts regarding PPP arrangements in urban regeneration projects and a comparative analysis between three specific case studies: Porto Maravilha in Rio de Janeiro, Porta a Mare in Livorno, and Harbourside in Bristol. Based on the analyses carried out, the study provides recommendations for improving these practices and the resulting projects. In this sense, it is expected that the study contributes to the state of the art on the subject.