Navigating Drug-Related Problems in Hemodialysis Patients across Dual Healthcare Systems: Bridging the Gaps for Optimal Medication Safety

This study demonstrates that variations across healthcare settings, compounded by frequent transitions of care, significantly influenced DRP prevalence and characteristics among the highly vulnerable HD patients. Structured support services such as pharmacist-led medication management program play a critical role in mitigating these risks and supporting patients through complex treatment pathways. These findings underscored the importance of addressing both system-level disparities and patient-level challenges, where future research should adopt mixed-method approaches to uncover the contextual drivers of DRPs and guide the development of sustainable, pharmacist-integrated care models that would improve medication safety across diverse dialysis settings.