Porcine acellular dermal matrix facilitates hair follicle stem cells entering the hair cycle in C57/BL6 mice

Alopecia is a skin disease characterized by hair loss, which mainly distresses mental health and quality of life. A rise in the number of alopecia cases is evolving due to a variety of factors. We developed a porcine collagen acellular dermal matrix (ADM) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO 2 ) extraction technology. We then cryo-ground the ADM into particles, ranging from 50-150μm, named ADM scaffolds. In the present study, we used C57BL/6 mice injected with ADM scaffold and evaluated hair growth with and without mice Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), to evaluate its efficacy in hair regeneration. The combination of the ADM scaffold and mice PRP exhibited a synergistic effect. Hair growth was observed in ADM scaffold-treated mice in a time-dependent manner. Subdermal injection of the ADM scaffold enabled a serial cascade of stem cell differentiation markers for hair regeneration. ADM scaffold injected in the subdermal layer of the skin was found to modulate the CD34-positive stem cells and then followed by the expression of the hair cycle differentiation-related markers Sox9, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Ki67, and Lef-1, thereby modulating the hair cycle and increasing the hair follicles. To conclude, SCCO 2 -derived porcine ADM scaffold increased hair follicles and hair density and might be a therapeutic solution for alopecia, without any adverse effects.