CLINICAL USE OF LASER RADIATION IN THE TREATMENT OF GENERALISED PERIODONTITIS

Periodontal tissue diseases are inflammatory disorders linked to an imbalance of the oral microflora, with a predominance of periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Periodontitis causes the destruction of periodontal structures, gum bleeding, the formation of periodontal pockets and the loss of epithelial attachment. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fail to achieve stable results; therefore, the implementation of combined treatment methods, particularly those involving low-intensity light irradiation, remains highly relevant. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of low-level laser radiation on periodontal tissues and on clinical indices, including the papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth, in patients diagnosed with chronic generalised periodontitis of grades I–II. The study involved 50 patients with chronic generalised periodontitis of grades I–II. Participants were divided into two groups: group 1 (23 patients) received standard treatment, while group 2 (27 patients) received standard therapy supplemented with low-level laser radiation in the red range (wavelengths 660 nm). Each irradiation session lasted 10 minutes, with a total of 10 sessions per treatment course. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the PMA and hygiene indices, the papilla bleeding index, and measurements of periodontal pocket depth. Improvement in all measured parameters was observed in both groups following treatment. However, group 2 demonstrated significantly better outcomes for periodontal condition indices and periodontal pocket depth compared with group 1. Six months after treatment, the PMA, hygiene, and papilla bleeding indices in group 2 were 30–62.2 % higher than those in group 1. The mean reduction in periodontal pocket depth in group 2 was 1.26 mm relative to baseline values, which was 20.7 % greater than the 0.72 mm reduction observed in group 1. Laser radiation has a favourable impact on oral hygiene dynamics, clinical indices of periodontal condition, and the reduction of periodontal pocket depth. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, low-level laser therapy may be recommended as an effective adjunct to conventional treatment in the comprehensive management of periodontal diseases.