Low-tech vernacular passive cooling retrofitting and adaptations solutions for climate comfort: a living lab experimental study in Egypt

Abstract This study examines passive cooling low-tech vernacular architectural interventions for climate adaptation in indoor environments through an experimental case study in Egypt. Focusing on traditional methods and techniques that use natural and affordable materials, it analyses how these approaches enhance thermal comfort and sustainability in the built environment, particularly for vulnerable communities. An urban living lab methodology, combined with onsite monitoring, was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the low-tech adaptation methods. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of natural materials and simple technological solutions in improving thermal comfort and supporting climate adaptation. The study highlights the potential of vernacular knowledge to inform modern sustainable building practices. Through this experimental, hands-on approach, it showcases the value of traditional, low-tech architectural methods in creating resilient and adaptable environments, offering insights into sustainable and affordable climate adaptation strategies that reduce indoor temperatures and generate economic savings.