Stochastic Inertial Dynamics via Time Scaling and Averaging

Our work is part of the close link between continuous-time dissipative dynamical systems and optimization algorithms, and more precisely here, in the stochastic setting. We aim to study stochastic convex minimization problems through the lens of stochastic inertial differential inclusions that are driven by the subgradient of a convex objective function. This will provide a general mathematical framework for analyzing the convergence properties of stochastic second-order inertial continuous-time dynamics involving vanishing viscous damping and measurable stochastic subgradient selections. Our chief goal in this paper is to develop a systematic and unified way that transfers the properties recently studied for first-order stochastic differential equations to second-order ones involving even subgradients in lieu of gradients. This program will rely on two tenets: time scaling and averaging, following an approach recently developed in the literature by one of the coauthors in the deterministic case. Under a mild integrability assumption involving the diffusion term and the viscous damping, our first main result shows that almost surely, there is weak convergence of the trajectory toward a minimizer of the objective function and fast convergence of the values and gradients. We also provide a comprehensive complexity analysis by establishing several new pointwise and ergodic convergence rates in expectation for the convex, strongly convex, and (local) Polyak-Łojasiewicz case. Finally, using Tikhonov regularization with a properly tuned vanishing parameter, we can obtain almost sure strong convergence of the trajectory toward the minimum norm solution. Funding: This research was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [Projet-ANR-20-CE92-0037].