Research Into the Dynamics of Fire Development and the Efficiency of the Fire Alarm System in a High-Rise Building

Abstract Fires in high-rise residential buildings can lead to human casualties and significant property damage. Therefore, ensuring fire safety in these buildings is an urgent task. The results of the Fire Protection System simulation of the development of a fire in a residential apartment showed that open windows and doors of the room, as well as the wind speed outside the window, affect the dynamics of fire development and the spread of non-hazardous fire factors. However, when the wind speed outside the window is 7.0 m/s, due to draft and cooling, the hazardous factors of the fire do not reach critical indicators for humans. This makes the evacuation process safer for people. The impact of the position of windows and doors, and the wind outside the window on the time of detection or failure of fire detectors was determined. It was determined that even if the current regulatory requirements for installing fire detectors are met, when the wind speed outside the window is 7.0 m/s, only the smoke detector located in close proximity to the source of the fire and having increased sensitivity is triggered. The results demonstrate the need for an adaptive approach to the placement of detectors in high-rise residential buildings.