THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF THE LAYERED COMPOSITION OF AIR ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Animal husbandry is an important branch of agriculture that ensures food security through the production of meat and milk, which are the main sources of animal protein. At the same time, the intensive development of this industry is associated with a significant impact on the environment. One of the key environmental problems is the emission of toxic and greenhouse gases during animal husbandry and manure storage. Ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are released in the premises of livestock complexes, which not only threaten the health of workers, but also contribute to climate change and atmospheric pollution. The purpose of the study was to study the concentration and spatial distribution of these gases in the air environment of livestock facilities using specialized equipment and software for automatic layer-by-layer measurement and regulation of the parameters of the production environment. The research was conducted on the basis of the dairy herd of Saint-Petersburg State Agricultural University and PJSC «Predportovy». The results showed that the maximum permissible concentrations of almost all the substances studied were exceeded, especially in the surface air layer (0,5–1,0 m), where their accumulation is due to high density and physico-chemical properties. Concentrations decrease with increasing altitude. The introduction of an automated monitoring system makes it possible to identify areas of high pollution in a timely manner and activate ventilation systems, which helps to reduce the anthropogenic load inside the premises and minimize emissions into the atmosphere. The data obtained emphasize the need for regular environmental monitoring of the air environment and the introduction of resource-saving technologies aimed at improving the environmental safety of livestock production.