Digital literacy of elderly in Croatia

This study investigates digital literacy among older adults in Croatia, examining their skills, usage patterns, and attitudes toward education. Digital literacy is the ability to access, evaluate, create, and use digital technologies safely. It is essential for social inclusion, lifelong learning, and improving quality of life. A survey of 152 residents from four nursing homes in Zagreb revealed that smartphones are the most commonly used devices and that family members serve as the primary source of digital support. While many participants can perform basic tasks, such as making calls or adjusting volume, they struggle with evaluating online information, navigating complex interfaces, and coping with rapid technological changes. Barriers include fear of mistakes, security and privacy concerns, limited confidence, language difficulties, and low exposure to advanced digital functions. Despite these challenges, older adults recognize the importance of digital literacy and show interest in attending workshops to improve their skills in this area. The findings highlight that older adults demonstrate partial digital literacy; they are competent in operational tasks but lack evaluative and advanced abilities. Tailored educational programs that combine step-bystep guidance and cybersecurity training can enhance confidence, reduce digital exclusion, and foster active participation. Supporting older adults in developing digital and media literacy is crucial for promoting independence, social engagement, and overall well-being in contemporary societies.