Animal Models for Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes Associated with Hyperuricemia

Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA), which serves as a primary risk factor for gout and is associated with life threatening conditions such as chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases, is increasingly gaining public health attention. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, HUA falls into the categories of “latent disease” or “hidden pathogen,” and is considered a manifestation of underlying deficiency with superficial excess. Animal models serve as crucial bridges for exploring pathological mechanisms underlying various diseases. Rodent models are primarily used in HUA research. Animal models of HUA based on TCM syndromes integrate the holistic perspective of TCM with the pathological changes in Western medicine, inducing syndromes through simulated pathogenic factors and employing modern medical methods for chemical or physical interventions. These models better embody the principles of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, thereby providing a scientific tool for HUA research. This study aimed to systematically summarize and analyze the current research progress in HUA animal models that integrate disease and syndrome, further exploring their application prospects in revealing the pathological mechanisms of HUA, assessing therapeutic effects, and guiding clinical practice. The ultimate goal was to provide new insights and directions for the prevention and treatment of HUA.