Insomnia: a comprehensive study of factors and solutions

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep. It could significantly impair daily functioning and also could have an impact on a long-term health risk. This literature review aims to explore the current issues of insomnia in physiological psychology by highlighting its underlying mechanism, the contributing factors, and solutions based on the evidence from past studies. By using theories like hyperarousal theory, the cognitive model, and the 3P model, this review examines the physiological, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of insomnia. The finding shows that heightened physiological arousal, dysfunctional belief about sleep, and maladaptive behavior are the perpetuating factors for this issue. In addition, this writing found that interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction are identified as effective approaches in order to solve the issue of insomnia. The Islamic perspective is integrated into this writing, including Islamic CBT, prophetic sleep etiquettes, and mindfulness practices in order to balance the solutions along with the physiological and psychological factors. By referring to past research and contextualizing its relevance, this writing highlights the importance of being comprehensive and culturally inclusive to mitigate the rising prevalence of insomnia.