Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Dental Varnishes on White Spot Lesion around Orthodontic Brackets: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Aim:The current study was aimed to evaluate the impact of three different dental varnishes on white spot lesions (WSLs) underlying orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods:The present study sample consisted of 90 premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic reasons.Following the placement of the brackets, each sample was coated with nail polish, preserving a 3 mm long 3 mm wide window from the bracket margin's cervical region.The demineralizing process was carried out using a demineralizing solution, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to collect the baseline data.Simple randomized sampling was used to randomly divide all 90 extracted teeth into three groups, i.e., 30 samples in each group.Group I: Fluor Protector varnish, group II: Clinpro White varnish, group III: CPP-ACPF Varnish.After a week, a layer of varnish solution was directly applied to the tooth surface using a microbrush.The effectiveness of each sample was assessed after 15 days using an SEM set at 2000 magnification.Data was recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: At baseline, the enamel demineralization score was 134.28 0.16 Fluor Protector varnish group, 135.18 0.06 for Clinpro White varnish group, and 134.02 0.30 for the CPP-ACPF varnish group.No significant difference was obtained among the three different enamel demineralization scores.After 2 weeks, the maximum reduction of scores was found in the CPP-ACPF varnish group, i.e., 98.68 0.10, followed by the Clinpro White varnish group with a mean score of 108.32 0.02 and the Fluor Protector varnish group with a mean score of 114.46 0.09.A significant difference was obtained among three different enamel demineralization scores. Conclusion:On conclusion, employing CPP-ACPF varnish around the orthodontic bracket could efficiently prevent the formation of WSL and provide surface enamel protection as compared to the Clinpro White varnish group and Fluor Protector varnish group.Clinical significance: White spot lesion formation or enamel demineralization throughout the course of fixed appliance therapy is one of the most frequent clinical challenges in orthodontic clinical practice.Therefore, these lesions present esthetic difficulties, which influence the patient's perception of treatment satisfaction.Applying fluoride varnish can considerably reduce the demineralization lesion that forms around the bracket after fluorapatite is formed.