Falsifiability in the Philosophy of Science: Methodological Foundations, Conditions of Applicability, and the Problem of Metamethodological Calibration

🔹 English Description This repository contains a dissertation-level research work in the philosophy of science devoted to the analysis of falsifiability as a normative criterion of scientific rationality. The study develops a procedural reconstruction of falsifiability, focusing on the conditions, levels, and modes of its application in philosophical-scientific reasoning. The central claim is that persistent methodological disputes surrounding falsifiability arise primarily from the lack of explicit procedural articulation rather than from conceptual ambiguity of the criterion itself. The research is conducted at the metamethodological level of philosophy of science and examines how normative criteria function as regulative structures within practices of theory evaluation, demarcation, and rational choice. Special attention is given to the differentiation between types of scientific claims (hypotheses, theories, models, research programs) and levels of theoretical organization. The work is intentionally published in the format of open scholarly verification. At the time of publication, it is not affiliated with a specific dissertation council and is not accompanied by a formal defense procedure. This format is chosen to ensure methodological transparency, enable public scholarly discussion, and invite professional critique from the academic community. The repository includes: the full dissertation-level research work (RU and EN), an official abstract (author’s abstract), an extended abstract in English, formal originality verification reports. The study is addressed to researchers in philosophy of science, methodology of science, epistemology, and interdisciplinary studies concerned with scientific rationality and normative evaluation. 🔹 Russian Description Репозиторий содержит научную работу диссертационного уровня в области философии науки, посвящённую анализу критерия фальсифицируемости как нормативного основания научной рациональности. Исследование выполнено в формате открытой научной верификации и ориентировано на процедурную реконструкцию применения нормативных критериев в философско-научном анализе. Работа направлена на уточнение условий, уровней и типов применения фальсифицируемости и может рассматриваться как предзащитная форма научного представления.