NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

We present an updated characterization of the planetary system orbiting the nearby M2 dwarf GJ 3090 (TOI-177; d=22 pc), based on new high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations from NIRPS and HARPS. With an orbital period of 2.85 d, the transiting sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b has a mass we refine to 4.52 ± 0.47 M⊕, which, combined with our derived radius of 2.18 ± 0.06 R⊕, yields a density of 2.40−0.30+0.33 g∉cm−3. The combined interior structure and atmospheric constraints indicate that GJ 3090 b is a compelling water-world candidate, with a volatile-rich envelope in which water likely represents a significant fraction. We also confirm the presence of a second planet, GJ 3090 c, a sub-Neptune with a 15.9 d orbit and a minimum mass of 10.0 ± 1.3 M⊕, which does not transit. Despite its proximity to the star’s 18 d rotation period, our joint analysis using a multidimensional Gaussian process (GP) model that incorporates TESS photometry and differential stellar temperature measurements distinguishes this planetary signal from activity-induced variability. In addition, we place new constraints on a non-transiting planet candidate with a period of 12.7 d, suggested in earlier RV analyses. This candidate remains a compelling target for future monitoring. These results highlight the crucial role of multidimensional GP modelling in disentangling planetary signals from stellar activity, enabling the detection of a planet near the stellar rotation period that could have remained undetected with traditional approaches.

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Publication Details

Journal
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Published
2026-02-19
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556887/pdf
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
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article

NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

J. V. Seidel, Benjamin Küng, N. Nari, Caroline Piaulet et al.
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
article

NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period

J. V. Seidel, Benjamin Küng, N. Nari, Caroline Piaulet, L. Mignon, Léna Parc, Vigneshwaran Krishnamurthy, Bruno Chazelas, A. Silber, E. Pompei, I. Saviane, В. А. Решетов, Uriel Conod, Hugues Auger, Antoine Darveau-Bernier, Denis Brousseau, Marion Cointepas, Mathieu Ouellet, Frédérique Baron, Jean-Sébastien Mayer, Dan Kerley, C. Broeg, Valentina Vaulato, Leslie Moranta, Bachar Wehbé, Mykhaylo Plotnykov, Stefan Pelletier, Yann Carteret, Ryan Nelson Cloutier, J.-B. Delisle, Céline Péroux, I. C. Leão, Anne-Sophie Poulin-Girard, Guillaume Allain, Sébastien Bovay, Farbod Jahandar, Pierrot Lamontagne, Luc Bazinet, Alexandrine L’Heureux, Laurie Dauplaise, Avidaan Srivastava, Pierre Larue, Olivier Hernandez, J. M. Almenara, Pedro Figueira, Tomy Arial, Lina Messamah, 'Etienne Artigau, Khaled Al Moulla, G.C. Yolanda Frensch, Stan Metchev, Johann Kolb, Romain Allart, Dany Mounzer, Nicole Gromek, João Faria, Pedro Branco, Ares Osborn, Ludovic Genolet, Andres Carmona, Anne Boucher, Xavier Bonfils, Olivia Lim, Simon Thibault, Alexandre Cabral, Jonathan Saint-Antoine, Damien Ségransan, Jaymie Matthews, Jonathan Gagné, Ray Jayawardhana, P. Joost Wardenier, Michael Sordet, José Luis Rasilla, David Lafrenière, François Bouchy, Vincent Yariv, Xavier Delfosse, Luca Pasquini, Henry Leath, H. Jens Hoeijmakers, K. Atanas Stefanov, Drew Weisserman, Ivan Wevers, Isabelle Boisse, M. Allan Martins, David Charbonneau, Vincent Bourrier, A. José Luan Aguiar, Gregg Wade, Eduardo Cristo, A. Catherine Clark, Norbert Hubin, I. Kevin Collins, René Doyon, Jon Otegi, Marziye Jafariyazani, C. Susana Barros, Christoph Mordasini, J. Melissa Hobson, Rafael Rebolo, Claudio Melo, Manuel Abreu, M. Vera Passegger, Alex Segovia, C. Nuno Santos, Philippe Vallée, Thierry Forveille, Charles Cadieux, A. Márcio Teixeira, João Coelho, Gérard Zins, Alejandro Suárez Mascareño, A. Karen Collins, L. Bruno Canto Martins, Ana Catarina do Rosário Silva, Hans-Ulrich Käufl, Stéphane Udry, François Wildi, Danuta Sosnowska, Gaspare Lo Curto, B. Nicolas Cowan, S. Yuri Messias, Frédéric Genest, David Bohlender, Robin Schnell, C. Elisabeth Matthews, Nolan Grieves, Peter Sinclair, Daniel Brito de Freitas, Roseane de Lima Gomes, João Pedro Bittencourt da Silva, O. Dasaev Fontinele, Francesco Pepe, Christophe Lovis, J. Neil Cook, Jose Renan De Medeiros, I. Jonay González Hernández, Thomas Vandal, Félix Gracia Témich, Lison Malo, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Mirsad Sarajlic, Björn Benneke, Jason Rowe, D. Louise Nielsen
article en

Abstract

We present an updated characterization of the planetary system orbiting the nearby M2 dwarf GJ 3090 (TOI-177; d=22 pc), based on new high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations from NIRPS and HARPS. With an orbital period of 2.85 d, the transiting sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b has a mass we refine to 4.52 ± 0.47 M⊕, which, combined with our derived radius of 2.18 ± 0.06 R⊕, yields a density of 2.40−0.30+0.33 g∉cm−3. The combined interior structure and atmospheric constraints indicate that GJ 3090 b is a compelling water-world candidate, with a volatile-rich envelope in which water likely represents a significant fraction. We also confirm the presence of a second planet, GJ 3090 c, a sub-Neptune with a 15.9 d orbit and a minimum mass of 10.0 ± 1.3 M⊕, which does not transit. Despite its proximity to the star’s 18 d rotation period, our joint analysis using a multidimensional Gaussian process (GP) model that incorporates TESS photometry and differential stellar temperature measurements distinguishes this planetary signal from activity-induced variability. In addition, we place new constraints on a non-transiting planet candidate with a period of 12.7 d, suggested in earlier RV analyses. This candidate remains a compelling target for future monitoring. These results highlight the crucial role of multidimensional GP modelling in disentangling planetary signals from stellar activity, enabling the detection of a planet near the stellar rotation period that could have remained undetected with traditional approaches.

Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Openalex Percentile: Top 83%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
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