Cities flooded as soon as the rains begin in Africa: The case of Bla in Mali, Challenges and prospects

In Mali, particularly in cities, flooding begins in several regions as soon as the first rains arrive, following exceptional rainfall (OCHA, 2024). The city of Bla has been particularly affected by frequent flooding in recent years. How can we explain the recurrence of flooding in this city and what can be done to better manage it? These are the questions this article attempts to answer. To this end, in addition to observation, a field survey was conducted to assess the vulnerability of the site and the affected populations, as well as their adaptation strategies. The results demonstrate the failure or non-application of urban planning policies, which have led to construction in flood-prone areas, the inadequacy of the development plan for the local terrain, and the obstruction of drainage channels. All these factors have caused damage to the populations. The adaptation strategies adopted by the affected populations focus on repairing houses, creating diversions for water drainage, reinforcing house walls, and rehousing. In order to better manage flooding in the city of Bla, the study recommends respecting watercourse easements, raising awareness among populations living along watercourses of the permanent risk of flooding, setting up an early warning system in case of flooding, and reviewing development and disaster management policies. Keywords: Flooded cities, first rains, challenges and prospects, Bla