Betanin: A Natural Phytomolecule for the Intervention of Neurological Disorders

Betanin is widely consumed around the globe either as beetroot directly or as one of the key ingredients in food and pharmaceutical preparations. The health benefits of Betanin, including the treatment of numerous neurological diseases and brain cancer, have been reported extensively. Betanin has gained global attention due to notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. Recently, there has been growing attention on the usage of Betanin to prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. This review recapitulates available information from various recent pre-clinical studies on Betanin in several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, aging, brain stroke, anxiety, and neuropathic pain. Betanin exhibits remarkable neuroprotective effects via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, inhibition of the production and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, along with suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taking betanin as part of a healthy diet may aid in the management of various brain-related disorders. This review focuses on the neurological conditions for which betanin has shown therapeutic potential, highlighting its beneficial properties, cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, and its relevance in light of current research. Based on the available evidence, betanin could be considered a promising candidate and lead compound in the drug development process for the prevention, treatment, and management of several neurological disorders in the future.