Mixed evidence for stress effects on cortisol-testosterone coupling in Syrian refugee and Jordanian non-refugee adolescents

Our study contributes to understanding HPA and HPG patterning and integration across a wide range of adolescent ages among adolescents affected by conflict and poverty related stressors. Our findings offer limited support for the underlying hormonal coupling hypothesis, underscoring how growing bodies may be sensitive to environmental conditions at the extremes and that life history patterning varies with socioecological conditions.