Near, far, wherever you are: phenotype-related variation in pharmacogenomic effect sizes across the psychiatric drug literature
We demonstrate that pharmacogenomic effect sizes are significantly larger for proximal outcomes related to pharmacokinetics than for distal outcomes related to efficacy and toxicity. Understanding how the biological mechanisms underlying different outcomes might impact pharmacogenomic effect sizes could help to inform participant recruitment for future psychiatric pharmacogenomic studies, alongside the development of pharmacogenomic guidelines for psychiatric medications.
Authors
- Antonio F. Pardiñas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7590)
- Djenifer B. Kappel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-5911)
- Siobhan K. Lock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8574-8391)
- Emily Simmonds (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-597X)
- S. Legge
- Jude Hutton
- Michael C. O'Donovan
Institutions
- UK Dementia Research Institute (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Published
- 2026-01-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1719761
- Primary Topic
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Mental Health Research UK
- Alzheimer's Society
- European Commission
- Medical Research Council